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A termite nest can be considered as being composed of two components, both the inanimate and the animate. The animate is all the termites living inside the colony, and the inanimate part is the structure itself, which can be constructed from the termites. Nests can be broadly separated into three main classes: subterranean (entirely below ground), epigeal (protruding above the soil surface), and arboreal (built above ground, but always connected to the ground via shelter tubes).184 Epigeal nests (mounds) protrude from the ground with ground contact and are created out of ground and mud.

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Most termites construct underground colonies rather than multifunctional nests and mounds.186 Primitive termites of now nest in wooden structures such as logs, stumps and the dead portions of trees, as did termites millions of years back.184.

To build their nests, termites mostly use faeces, which have many desirable properties as a construction material. Other building materials include partially digested plant material, used in carton nests (arboreal nests built from faecal elements and wood), and dirt, used in subterranean nest and mound construction. Not many nests are observable, as many nests in tropical forests are situated underground.186 Species in the subfamily Apicotermitinae are great examples of subterranean nest builders, as they only reside inside tunnels.

Nests and mounds protect the termites' soft bodies against desiccation, light, pathogens and parasites, as well as providing a fortification against predators.188 Nests made from carton are particularly weak, and so the inhabitants utilize counter-attack approaches against invading predators. .

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Arboreal carton nests of mangrove swamp-dwelling Nasutitermes are enriched in lignin and depleted in cellulose and xylans. This change is caused by bacterial illness in the intestine of the termites: they utilize their faeces as a carton building material. Arboreal termites nests can account for up to 2% of above ground carbon storage in Puerto Rican mangrove swamps.

Some species build intricate nests called polycalic nests; this habitat is known as polycalism. Polycalic species of termites form multiple nests, or calies, connected with subterranean chambers.107 The termite genera Apicotermes and Trinervitermes are known to have polycalic species.191 Polycalic nests appear to be frequent in mound-building species but polycalic arboreal nests have been observed in a few species of Nasutitermes.191.

Nests like this are considered mounds if they protrude from the planet's surface. A mound provides termites the exact same protection as a nest but is stronger.189 Mounds located in regions having torrential and continuous rainfall are at risk of mound erosion as a result of their clay-rich construction. Those made from carton can provide protection against the rain, and in fact can withstand large precipitation.

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By way of instance, Cubitermes colonies build narrow tunnels used as strong points, since the width of the tunnels is small enough for soldiers to obstruct.192 A highly secure chamber, known as the"queens cell", houses the queen and king and can be employed as a last line of defence. .

Species in the genus Macrotermes arguably build the most complicated structures in the insect world, constructing enormous mounds. These mounds are among the largest in the world, reaching a height of 8 to 9 metres (26 to 29 ft ), and consist of chimneys, pinnacles and ridges.56 Another termite species, Amitermes meridionalis, can build nests 3 to 4 metres (9 to 13 ft ) high and 2.5 metres (8 ft ) wide.

The sculptured mounds occasionally have elaborate and distinctive forms, like top article those of the compass termite (Amitermes meridionalis and A. laurensis), which assembles tall, wedge-shaped mounds with the long axis oriented about northsouth, which gives them their common name.194195 This orientation has been experimentally shown to assist thermoregulation. The north-south orientation causes the internal temperature of a mound to increase rapidly during the morning when avoiding overheating from the midday sun.

Termites construct shield tubes, also known as earthen tubes or mud tubes, that begin from the ground. These shelter tubes can be found on walls and other structures.197 Constructed by termites during the night, a time of higher humidity, so these tubes offer protection to termites from potential predators, particularly ants.198 Shelter tubes also provide high humidity and darkness and allow workers to collect food resources that cannot be accessed in any other manner.197 These passageways are made from soil and faeces and are normally brown in color.

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They range from less than 1 cm to several cm in diameter, but may extend dozens of metres in length.198.

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Owing to their wood-eating habits, many termite species can do significant harm to unprotected buildings and other wooden constructions.199 Termites play an important function as decomposers of wood and vegetative material, and the conflict with humans occurs where structures and landscapes containing structural timber components, cellulose derived structural materials and ornamental vegetation provide termites with a trusted supply of food and moisture.200;Their custom of remaining concealed often results in their presence being undetected until the timbers are severely damaged, leaving a thin coating of a wall which protects them in the environment.201 Of the 3,106 species known, only 183 species cause damage; 83 species cause significant damage to wooden structures.199 In North America, 18 subterranean species are pests202; in Australia, 16 species possess an economic effect; in the Indian subcontinent 26 species are considered pests, and in tropical Africa, 24.

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